Grapes loves a lot of sun, but in the summer in Russia it is not enough, so the Russians grow it in greenhouses. A special microclimate allows you to increase the chances of a rich crop. To do this, you need to adhere to the special conditions of agricultural technology.
Optimal place for planting grapes
Russia is especially because in some of its areas a different climate. For this reason, the placement of vineyards in the open air is a mistake, because the berries do not ripen at the time of the end of the season. This is the reason for the movement of thermophilic plants to greenhouse structures. This is also relevant in the southern part of the country: this is how you can grow early varieties that are sold profitably at the beginning of the ripening period. From implementation, you can help a considerable amount. If we talk about heated greenhouses, then in them you can get the first ripe fruits in May.
The advantages of a greenhouse that encourage to choose this method:
The ripening period is less than in the open area;
You can grow a variety of grape varieties that have special requirements for climatic conditions;
Neither frosts of late spring, nor severe frosts during the period of low -snow winters are not afraid of plants. The design protects in summer from the city;
In the process of growing grapes, it can be difficult to deal with the wasp and other insects that harm the fruits. Grapes grown in the greenhouse do not need to be irrigated with chemical solutions;
the convenience of processing at any time of the year;
The cracking of berries from rains is excluded;
the size of the crop increases;
there are practically no differences from grapes that grew up in the open air. The taste and size of the berries is excellent.
In the greenhouse, you can grow not only grapes, but also other vegetation (strawberries, radishes, herbs, tulips), for this there will be enough distance between the vines.
How does the process begin?
Closed ground is grown varieties that give an early crop. Experienced gardeners recommend the following varieties of grapes: early Gourmet, Queen, Timur, Superranian Eleagant, Victoria, Beauty, Laura, Zaporozhye Gift and many others.
Dense grape brushes can be affected by fungal diseases, the cause of this phenomenon can be insufficient ventilation, so such varieties are not recommended to be grown in greenhouses. An ideal option can be a codryanka, it has a loose brush. It is necessary to plant seedlings in a row, retreating 50 cm from the greenhouse walls. There should also be a half -meter distance between the rows themselves, so that the vineyard does not become difficult. If the size of the greenhouse is not large, then you can arrange grapes in the northern part, and its shoots are directed along the wall, so the vines will grow up.
This must be done at the end of winter (February), the process has no features. The main condition is high -quality drainage and loose earth, which can be mixed with sand, fuel minerals and loam. After young plants are planted, it is necessary to pull the supporting threads, the gap is about thirty centimeters. The wire located at the top of the greenhouse should not be closer than 35 centimeters from the maximum height. This will avoid burns of leaves with sunlight.
Individual requirements for the care of greenhouse grapes
Particular attention is paid to the temperature regime. At the time of planting, the temperature should be +10o, then it can be smoothly increased and reached the maximum +24o (this will already be when the kidneys begin). At night, the temperature can be reduced in the range of +16O. Higher indicators are allowed during the period of berries, as well as their maturation, it is somewhere +30o. You can adjust the heat of air inside the greenhouse using the window, opening it when necessary. Ventilation is arranged in the same way. If you need to protect the greenhouse structure from the scorching sun, a mesh is used to darken. You can buy it in horticultural stores.
An important role is played by the correct watering of grapes:
First of all, after planting, the soil is watered;
Seven days later, the procedure is repeated and combined with the mulching of the Earth with organic fertilizers or grass;
in the process of grape growth, water it enough once a week, while well saturating the soil with liquid;
At the time of the ripening of fruits, the irrigation volume can be reduced so as not to overumption of them, because from this they can crack.
In order to avoid deformation of the berries, you need to shed not in the evening. It should be opened at night from the leeward side of the greenhouse.
It is recommended, for good growth, watering with fertilizer fertilizers. At first, it will be enough once every two weeks to add potassium, and when the grapes begin to bloom, top dressing is increased. You need to stop this when the berries will purchase a certain color. PNichegogen Azot will be appropriate in case of poor development of the vine, it can also be mineral fertilizers. Pollination occurs in manual mode, namely by shaking the stems or tapping the flowers, after which the pollen is transferred to pestlers.
To provide berries with the necessary amount of light and proper development, stepson is required, this is the process of removing unnecessary shoots. Moreover, only strong stems with good inflorescences have the right to life. Those who remained need garter and observation of the orientation of growth. The shoots of grapes located on the sides are cut to the first sheet, as for the barren stems, they are cut to the fifth. To additionally protect grapes from cracking, professionals advise nearby the tops of the main part of the stem to leave a couple of shoots. This provides that all the excess juice will go into them.
They are not worth depriving with attention and clusters at the time of acquisition of not large sizes, they need to be led. It is important to be in time during this period, because they are poured quickly enough. With the help of garden scissors with long blades, the internal berries are first cut, after which you can go to smaller fruits. The distance that should form is 8 mm, while at the top of the berries there should be a little more. Depending on the ripening of the clusters, you need to monitor and get rid of berries that have lost their integrity and suffered from various diseases.
In the fall, those branches that gave the crop should be cut to one kidney, the main stem should be 2/3. For the winter you can bend the vine and cover it with waste from sawing wood, straw, blanket or other waterproof materials. If you remove the roof of the greenhouse, it will not be dangerous for grapes, it will remain well even under the snow.