Fiction (outlets) are small holes, which, when the basement is arranged, arrange throughout its perimeter. They are not an obligatory element of the foundation, but if their device is neglected, then in the space under the house limited to the walls of the foundation (t. n. Underground) ventilation will be absent, and this will inevitably lead to a highly high level of humidity with its eternal satellites – mold and rot.
The main tasks of the imperfections in the basement of the house.
Their main, but not the only task is to ensure air circulation in the underground space of the future house. In addition to protecting the underground from malicious spores of the fungus and mold, they also serve as natural regulators of Radon, radioactive gas, which is constantly distinguished anywhere in the surface of the earth, with a large concentration of which is one of the main triggering mechanisms of oncological diseases in humans.
In natural conditions, it dissipates in the air and does not bring significant harm to human health. But in the absence of ventilation in the underground, he will accumulate under the house, and over time will certainly find a loophole upstairs, where its concentration in living rooms will be much higher than the natural background. What it turns out for people living in the house is not difficult to imagine.
It is necessary to arrange idiots in any type of building built on the foundation. They necessarily have them below the level of the future sex, and so that insects or even cats do not penetrate through them underground, their outer holes protect with a metal or brass grate.
Arrangement of the fictions.
No construction standards that would regulate the size and form of the fictions, as far as there are no accurate recommendations for their total number in the foundation. Practices are advised to make one outlet for every 2-3 m foundation, but it is clarified that normal air circulation in the underground is possible only when at least two purges will be for each wall of the foundation, regardless of its length.
Builders for calculating the right amount of outlets use a simple formula: the total area of the floor in the building under construction is divided into 400. Based on these recommendations, you can independently calculate the right number of outlets.
For example, during the construction of a residential building in size 9 x 12 m, the total floor area in its rooms will be 108 m?. The total working area of the outlets should not be less than 0.27 m? (108 m?: 400) and the total number of fictions is not less than 14 (9+9+12+12): 3). The dimensions of the otchushin itself do not play almost no role, leaving a decision at the discretion of builders or future owners.
In order to arrange a lot, when pouring a tape concrete foundation, not reaching 10-12 cm to the top, it is laid in the right amount or pieces of foam, or segments filled with sand and legally plastic pipes. After the foundation is hardened, it is enough to pick out the foam or cut the pipe, and the outlet is ready, and a neat rectangular or round shape.
When arranging in the foundation of the fictions, you need to adhere to a simple algorithm: the higher they are located, the more reliable they will serve. If you make the outlets too low, then they will constantly be filled with snow, then pour water.
Having arranged fictions, it is very important to make sure that the entire outflow is necessarily ventilated from all sides. This is a condition that is often forgotten about, and the outlets are arranged only along the external perimeter of the foundation, forgetting about the ribbons inside the building. And the result of such forgetfulness will inevitably be the premature damage to the wooden floor structures, since the impatient areas will inevitably remain in the underground near the internal tapes.
The presence of outlets in the foundation is very important for normal long -term operation of the house. Therefore, much cheaper and easier to take care of their device at the stage of filling the foundation, than every 5-7 years to replace all wooden structures inside the house.