Each gardener must know, so that in the future, apple trees from cultural varieties do not turn into wild, so that a good harvest is achieved every year, the fruits are not crushed and not lost taste, it is necessary to form a tree crown.
Apple trees are able to delight us with their fruits and their productivity, but only those that have brilliant, compulsory, with a small number of leaves in the depths of the tree.
In order for future apples to grow well and correctly, they must get sugar in abundance from wood. To do this, it is necessary to thin out the middle more often in order to ensure the free and sufficient amount of sunlight involved in photosynthesis.
It must be agreed that the process of forming the apple crown is very complex, but necessary, since:
In the future, the apple tree can degenerate from a cultural variety and turn into a “wild”, that is, its fruits will lose taste and significantly decrease;
As a rule, a good harvest can be counted from those trees through the crown of which the sunlight is visible. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the crown of the apple tree is not, too voluminous and growing apples on it, received enough sun, hence – and sugar for their growth. Когда много лишних веток, сахар, вырабатываемый яблоней для фотосинтеза, уходит не для роста плодов, а на рост веток и листьев. But the cut tree in time – equivalently distributes the generated sugar, both on the growth of the tree and to the ripening of the fruits.
In general, an apple tree is an unpretentious and grateful tree. With proper pruning, recommended from early spring, the tree easily tolerates this procedure and will delight, both with its harvest and convenience in assembly. After all, the pride of any gardener is well -groomed, stunted trees, convenient to maintain, in which they do not break under the weight of the fruits of the branch, you can easily carry out the fight against pests.
The crown of crown
The simplest and one of the most popular methods for the formation of apple trees includes a method in which branches are cut into several tiers, and for the convenience of garden care, initially young seedlings sit at a distance of four meters from each other. The method got its name from the style of the formation and trimming of the tree and has established itself with high productivity.
To form a crown in the first year of landing of a vaccinated shoot. It is recommended to measure the distance from Earth to vaccination in the spring, the so -called “stem zone”. It is not more than 25-30 cm up from it, where the first tier of the tree consisting of three main branches will be formed in the future. Everything else is recommended to cut.
After a year, branches are removed, which can grow in the stem zone, and leave about half a meter a branch that grew up in the formation zone of the first tier. Two other branches growing above are formed so that a distance of 15-20 cm is observed between them.
In order to achieve the desired result in the future, it is necessary to cut the growing branches to one level, approximately 30 cm, as a rule, short twigs are fruitfully fruitful. And also it is necessary to ensure that all three branches begin to grow in different (opposite) sides and there are no scients branches nearby nearby.
Two years after the landing, it is recommended to leave a couple more of the same, fifteen centimeter branches, which began to grow one over the other half a meter above the first tier. Then, after another year, this is in the fourth year, you can leave another 40 centimeter branch that belongs to the second tier.
The process of formation of the crown at this stage can be completed. In subsequent years, it remains only to monitor the timely removal of the branches of competitors, to ensure that the height of the apple tree does not exceed more than 2-2.5 meters in height, aligning the central upper single branch.
Crook in the form of a cup
This kind of crown is suitable for slightly growing trees. It must be formed in the same way as sparse-tank, but the trick is to initially, when three main branches are left, they should grow strictly at an angle of 120 ° C in relation to each other. In the future, in order to obtain the desired result, it is necessary to strictly monitor that the middle of the crown does not overgrow inward.
You can leave only paired 40 centimeter growing branches, the extending crowns on which apples should appear. About two years later, when the skeleton becomes stronger, it is necessary to shorten the central upper main branch.
Palmetta is vertical
It is necessary to form an apple tree for this type of crown if your fruit trees are located around the perimeter of the site, near the fence or wall. The desired result, starting from the formation of the crown and to obtain fruits, is achieved in about four years.
Its name is the vertical palmettes, the method received from the formation of skeletal, central branches of the crown of each other in one plane. To do this, so that the main branches do not deviate from the center, they are pulled up.
At about a distance of 70 to 80 cm, one tier will exceed the other. In this case, only the width of the crown is regulated, which should not exceed two meters, and the height can depend on the number of tiers left by the owner, that is, on his desire. It must be remembered that in any case, the annual increase is cut by one third. But at the very beginning of the formation of the crown, on the central branch of each tier, two branches are left, growing in different directions. To achieve fruiting, it is desirable that these branches are slightly tilted.
The type of crown is “spindle”
Genius in simplicity, this statement can be attributed to one of the methods of forming the crown of the apple tree – spindle. In this simple method, most importantly, to initially find the right solution to trim the central conductor of the tree, and then, in the future, you can do with a minimum trimming of branches, without any accuracy of cutting. The distance when planting seedlings from each other can be minimal, not to reach a couple of meters.
Like all previous methods, this type of crown, spindle -shaped, got its name from the formation, this is when half -sided branches must leave from the central branch (conductor).
The process of forming the first tier begins with the circumcision of one third of the central branches of an annual seedling, and an inclined position for the growths that appeared in the center of the seedling on the conductor is given.
Then, a year later, the formation of the next tier of half -sided twigs with a cutting of the central conductor continues. The process of completing the formation of the crown occurs after 3 years. By that time, the crown in height should grow from 2 to 2.5 m, but at the same time it is necessary to remove the conductors that are located in the center of horizontal branches.
This procedure, for the formation of this type of crown, is optional, because horizontal young shoots form and grow well in different directions. But in order for the crown to grow evenly, it is recommended to ensure that the shoots do not grow over 70 cm during the summer.